国际人权公约包括
国际人权公约包括《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》和《公民权利及政治权利国际公约任择议定书》。
知识简介
1948年联合国大会通过《世界人权宣言》后，联合国人权委员会于1954年把《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》草案和《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》草案分别提交第九届联合国大会。联合国大会第三委员会从1955年开始对上述草案进行逐条讨论和审议。
1966年12月16日在第二十一届联合国大会上，以105票赞成（无反对票）通过了《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》，以106票赞成（无反对票）通过了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》，以66票赞成、2票反对、38票弃权通过《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》议定书。
《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》于1976年1月3日生效，《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》和议定书于1976年3月23日生效。
国际人权公约以《世界人权宣言》为基础，但在内容上有所发展：
1.对于人权宣言中引起各国争议的条款，如第17条“人人得有单独的财产所有权”、第28条“人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序”等条款，公约未再列入。
2.对于宣言未涉及的一些内容公约有所增补,如B公约第20条规定:“任何鼓吹战争的宣传”、“任何鼓吹民族、种族或宗教仇恨的主张，构成煽动歧视、敌视或强暴者，都应以法律禁止”。
3.最重要的增补是，确认“所有民族均享有自决权”和“自由处置他们的天然财富和资源”的权利。
联合国公民权利与政治权利国际公约
法律主观：
我国公民的政治权利有： 1、选举权和被选举权；选举权是指选举法规定的，公民可以参加选举活动，按照本人的自由意志投票选举人民代表等职务的权利。 2、言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利，所谓言论自由，是公民以言语表达意思的自由；出版自由，是指以文字、音响、绘画等形式出版作品，向社会表达思想的自由；结社自由，是指公民为一定宗旨组成某种社会组织的自由；集会自由和游行、示威自由，都是公民表达自己见解和意愿的自由，只是表达的方式不同。 3、监督权，包括批评和建议、申诉、控告、检举等形式。
法律客观：《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十三条凡具有中华人民共和国国籍的人都是中华人民共和国公民。中华人民共和国公民在法律面前一律平等。国家尊重和保障人权。任何公民享有宪法和法律规定的权利，同时必须履行宪法和法律规定的义务。《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十四条中华人民共和国年满十八周岁的公民，不分民族、种族、性别、职业、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限，都有选举权和被选举权；但是依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人除外。
国际法中<<公民政治权利公约>>第14条原文
Article 14
1. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order(ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.
2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
3. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:(a) To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;
(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;
(c) To be tried without undue delay;
(d) To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(f) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court;
(g) Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.
4. In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their rehabilitation.
5. Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law.
6. When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.
7. No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.
第十四条
一、所有的人在法庭和裁判所前一律平等。在判定对任何人提出的任何刑事指控或确定他在一件诉讼案中的权利和义务时，人人有资格由一个依法设立的合格的、独立的和无偏倚的法庭进行公正的和公开的审讯。由於民主社会中的道德的、公共秩序的或国家安全的理由，或当诉讼当事人的私生活的利益有此需要时，或在特殊情况下法庭认为公开审判会损害司法利益因而严格需要的限度下，可不使记者和公众出席全部或部分审判；但对刑事案件或法律诉讼的任何判刑决应公开宣布，除非少年的利益另有要求或者诉讼系有关儿童监护权的婚姻争端。
二、凡受刑事控告者，在未依法证实有罪之前，应有权被视为无罪。
三、在判定对他提出的任何刑事指控时，人人完全平等地有资格享受以下的最低限度的保证：
（甲）迅速以一种他懂得的语言详细地告知对他提出的指控的性质和原因；
（乙）有相当时间和便利准备他的辩护并与他自己选择的律师联络。
（丙）受审时间不被无故拖延；
（丁）出席受审并亲自替自己辩护或经由他自己所选择所法律援助进行辩护；如果他没有法律援助，要通知他享有这种权利；在司法利益有此需要的案件中，为他指定法律援助，而在他没有足够能力偿付法律援助的案件中，不要他自己付费；
（戊）讯问或业已讯问对他不利的证人，并使对他有利的证人在与对他不利的证人相同的条件下出庭和受讯问；
（己）如他不懂或不会说法庭上所用的语言，能免费获得译员的援助；
（庚）不被强迫作不利於他自己的证言或强迫承认犯罪。
四、对少年的案件，在程序上应考虑到他们的年龄和帮助他们重新做人的需要。
五、凡被判定有罪者，应有权由一个较高级法庭对其定罪及刑罚依法进行复审。
六、在一人按照最后决定已被判定犯刑事罪而其后根据新的或新发现的事实确实表明发生误审，他的定罪被推翻或被赦免的情况下，因这种定罪而受刑罚的人应依法得到赔偿，除非经证明当时不知道的事实的未被及时揭露完全是或部分是由於他自己的缘故。
七、任何人已依一国的法律及刑事程序被最后定罪或宣告无罪者，不得就同一罪名再予审判或惩罚。